[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.maleja.cz\/historie-penez\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.maleja.cz\/historie-penez\/","headline":"Historie pen\u011bz","name":"Historie pen\u011bz","description":"Pen\u00edze slou\u017e\u00ed k n\u00e1kupu nebo prodeji. Maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 hovorov\u00e9 term\u00edny t\u0159eba pra\u0161ule, many, \u0161kv\u00e1ra, love a podobn\u011b. Jedn\u00e1 se o univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uje hodnotu … ","datePublished":"2019-01-28","dateModified":"2019-01-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.maleja.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.maleja.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/29b4b7cf61bc7f4a3cff4e7146cbe3cb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/29b4b7cf61bc7f4a3cff4e7146cbe3cb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"maleja.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.maleja.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a340995_w2485_t1553767193.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.maleja.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a340995_w2485_t1553767193.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.maleja.cz\/historie-penez\/","wordCount":399,"articleBody":"Pen\u00edze slou\u017e\u00ed k n\u00e1kupu nebo prodeji. Maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 hovorov\u00e9 term\u00edny t\u0159eba pra\u0161ule, many, \u0161kv\u00e1ra, love a podobn\u011b. Jedn\u00e1 se o univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uje hodnotu jin\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed v procesech koupi nebo prodeje. D\u011bl\u00edme je na hotov\u00e9 pen\u00edze, ob\u011b\u017eivo, mezi kter\u00e9 \u0159ad\u00edme bankovky a mince a bezhotovostn\u00ed pen\u00edze.\tV\u0161e m\u00e1 sv\u016fj v\u00fdvoj a t\u00fdk\u00e1 se to i pen\u011bz. Obchod jako takov\u00fd je star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pen\u00edze. Pen\u00edze vznikly ve snaze o usnadn\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011bny. Obchod se d\u00edky nim rozd\u011blil na dv\u011b samostatn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.- prodej a koupi.\t\tJak se obchodovalo d\u0159\u00edve a jak pen\u00edze vznikly?\t1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bartelov\u00e9 obchody \u2013 tento term\u00edn je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sp\u00ed\u0161e pod hovorov\u00fdm term\u00ednem v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fd obchod. Zbo\u017e\u00ed za zbo\u017e\u00ed.\t2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 ekvivalenty– jedn\u00e1 se vlastn\u011b o p\u0159edch\u016fdce pen\u011bz, nap\u0159\u00edklad ko\u017ee\u0161iny, kousky pl\u00e1tna, vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 kovy, mu\u0161le, zlat\u00e9 a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 pruty. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 kovy byly velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9. Jednalo se st\u00e1le o barterov\u00e9 obchody, ale u\u017e zde byly prvky sm\u011bnn\u00e9ho obchodu.\t3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mince. V 7. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem za\u010daly v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 ekvivalenty nahrazovat kovov\u00e9 pen\u00edze. Vynalezli je L\u00fddov\u00e9 (na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Turecka). Mince velmi usnadnily obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mince za\u010daly vznikat tak, \u017ee obchodn\u00edci drobn\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9, zlat\u00e9 a m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 slitky za\u010dali ozna\u010dovat hodnotou hmotnosti a pozd\u011bji r\u016fzn\u00fdmi symboly. Za pen\u00edze je pova\u017eujeme od chv\u00edle, kdy kovov\u00fd slitek ozna\u010dil sv\u00fdm znakem panovn\u00edk a ru\u010dil tak za v\u00e1hu a ryzost. Prvn\u00ed mince v \u010cesku za\u010dal razit Boleslav I. Jednalo se o den\u00e1ry. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u011bhlas ve st\u0159edov\u011bku m\u011bly st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 gro\u0161e, kter\u00e9 nechal razit V\u00e1clav II.\t4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 pen\u00edze. Prvn\u00ed bankovky vznikly u\u017e v 9. stolet\u00ed v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Psal o nich u\u017e Marco Polo, nicm\u00e9n\u011b Evropa o n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho nest\u00e1la. Prvn\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00e9 pen\u00edze za\u010daly vznikat a\u017e v 17. stolet\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u011b se jednalo o ur\u010dit\u00fd druh sm\u011bnky, a\u017e z\u00e1hy se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed novou formou platidla. Na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed vznikly prvn\u00ed bankovky na konci vl\u00e1dy Marie Terezie v osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed.\t\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Historie pen\u011bz","item":"https:\/\/www.maleja.cz\/historie-penez\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]